Iron. Chariots. Bows. Armor. Shields. Formations. Guns. Trenches. Aircraft. Bombs. Whatever the age, wars are never fought the same way twice. But whatever the war, some things never change. Alexander the Great surrounded his enemies during battle. Stonewall Jackson flanked and surprise attacked them. They won their battles, often outnumbered, due to superior strategies. They knew where the enemy was and could attack when and where they wanted. The brutality of Hitler led others to crush him and new technology that released the power of the atom demolished the resilience of the Japanese.
Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. That’s Cassius Clay but that’s also a fair description of guerilla warfare. Guerilla warfare is how the Vietnamese made the USA retreat and how Fidel Castro and Che Guevara defeated Batista. Sucker punch after sucker punch until theres an opening for the knockout. Guerilla warfare thrives on conventional warfare. Tanks are great against other tanks but they’re not so hot against some guerilla who can hear the tank coming and just run to fight another day. The only way to defeat guerilla warfare is to remove the resources that give it power.
A sympathetic population is perhaps the strongest resource guerillas have in a war. Not only are they potentially more troops but provide intelligence and protection. If not outright spies, they are the very least scouts for the insurgents. There is no way to win for a conventional army if they are fighting against Robin Hood. Whichever side provides more of basic services to the population like food, water, housing, jobs, will automatically be asked for security aswell. In conventional warfare boots on the ground are important, but in a guerrila war a bigger counter-insurgency effort can cause the civilian population to become uneasy. Occupation with weapons will always lead to resentment because nobody likes to be intimidated. Sure weapons make the people carrying them feel safe, but when someone is unarmed and surrounded by strangers carrying AK47’s or M-16’s it’s hard not to feel threatened. Thriving communities are guerilla-proof. People will protect themselves if they feel they have something to protect.
Even if excessive boots on the ground had no negative consequences, it still isn’t the most efficient strategy. Just like most battles, information is the key to winning. With advanced technolgoy like spy satellites, thermal cameras, and whatever other gadgets are out there that can track movement, combined with ground-information gained from undercover operatives and informants, there is no reason why quick-strike aircraft or some type of special forces shouldn’t be able to use guerilla warfare tactics against guerillas. Conventional warfare is for conventional warfare and guerilla warfare is for guerilla warfare. There’s no doubt the USA can win any old-fashioned war, but in order to win a modern war the counter-insurgency efforts must beat guerilla warriors at their own game, more mobile, more hidden, and most of all more population-friendly.